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Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is
intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software---to make sure the software is free for all its users.
This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors
commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software
is covered by the GNU Library
General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your
programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom,
not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure
that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software
(and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive
source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the
software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you
know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that
forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender
the rights. These restrictions translate to certain
responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the
software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program,
whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the
rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive
or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so
they know their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the
software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal
permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make
certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for
this free software. If the software is modified by someone else
and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have
is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others
will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a
free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect
making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it
clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or
not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND
MODIFICATION
- This License applies to any program or other work which
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying
it may be distributed under the terms of this General
Public License. The ``Program'', below, refers to any
such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program''
means either the Program or any derivative work under
copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the
Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
(Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation
in the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed
as ``you''.
Activities other than copying,
distribution and modification are not covered by this
License; they are outside its scope. The act of running
the Program is not restricted, and the output from the
Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work
based on the Program (independent of having been made by
running the Program). Whether that is true depends on
what the Program does.
- You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the
Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium,
provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish
on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and
disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that
refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of
this License along with the Program.
You may charge a
fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you
may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange
for a fee.
- You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any
portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program,
and copy and distribute such modifications or work under
the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet
all of these conditions:
- You must cause the modified files to carry
prominent notices stating that you changed the
files and the date of any change.
- You must cause any work that you distribute or
publish, that in whole or in part contains or is
derived from the Program or any part thereof, to
be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
- If the modified program normally reads commands
interactively when run, you must cause it, when
started running for such interactive use in the
most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright
notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or
else, saying that you provide a warranty) and
that users may redistribute the program under
these conditions, and telling the user how to
view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the
Program itself is interactive but does not
normally print such an announcement, your work
based on the Program is not required to print an
announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a
whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not
derived from the Program, and can be reasonably
considered independent and separate works in themselves,
then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But
when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole
which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of
the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose
permissions for other licensees extend to the entire
whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who
wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim
rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by
you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to
control the distribution of derivative or collective
works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not
based on the Program with the Program (or with a work
based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.
- You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based
on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form
under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that
you also do one of the following:
- Accompany it with the complete corresponding
machine-readable source code, which must be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2
above on a medium customarily used for software
interchange; or,
- Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at
least three years, to give any third party, for a
charge no more than your cost of physically
performing source distribution, a complete
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source
code, to be distributed under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily
used for software interchange; or,
- Accompany it with the information you received as
to the offer to distribute corresponding source
code. (This alternative is allowed only for
noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executable
form with such an offer, in accord with
Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of
the work for making modifications to it. For an
executable work, complete source code means all the
source code for all modules it contains, plus any
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts
used to control compilation and installation of the
executable. However, as a special exception, the source
code distributed need not include anything that is
normally distributed (in either source or binary form)
with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on)
of the operating system on which the executable runs,
unless that component itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made
by offering access to copy from a designated place, then
offering equivalent access to copy the source code from
the same place counts as distribution of the source code,
even though third parties are not compelled to copy the
source along with the object code.
- You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
Program except as expressly provided under this License.
Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or
distribute the Program is void, and will automatically
terminate your rights under this License. However,
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you
under this License will not have their licenses
terminated so long as such parties remain in full
compliance.
- You are not required to accept this License, since you
have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you
permission to modify or distribute the Program or its
derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if
you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying
or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to
do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
distributing or modifying the Program or works based on
it.
- Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based
on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a
license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or
modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the
recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You
are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third
parties to this License.
- If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of
patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited
to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether
by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict
the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you
from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your
obligations under this License and any other pertinent
obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute
the Program at all. For example, if a patent license
would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the
Program by all those who receive copies directly or
indirectly through you, then the only way you could
satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain
entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any
portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable
under any particular circumstance, the balance of the
section is intended to apply and the section as a whole
is intended to apply in other circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to
infringe any patents or other property right claims or to
contest validity of any such claims; this section has the
sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free
software distribution system, which is implemented by
public license practices. Many people have made generous
contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application
of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if
he or she is willing to distribute software through any
other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what
is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this
License.
- If the distribution and/or use of the Program is
restricted in certain countries either by patents or by
copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who
places the Program under this License may add an explicit
geographical distribution limitation excluding those
countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or
among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this
License incorporates the limitation as if written in the
body of this License.
- The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or
new versions of the General Public License from time to
time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the
present version, but may differ in detail to address new
problems or concerns.
Each version is given a
distinguishing version number.
If the Program specifies a version number of this License
which applies to it and ``any later version'', you have
the option of following the terms and conditions either
of that version or of any later version published by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify
a version number of
this License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
- If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into
other free programs whose distribution conditions are
different, write to the author to ask for permission. For
software which is copyrighted by the Free Software
Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we
sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be
guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of
all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the
sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
- BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS
NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING
THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE
PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
- IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED
TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER
PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS
PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING
ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM
(INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY
OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS
BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the
greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this
is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and
change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is
safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most
effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file
should have at least the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to
where the full notice is found.
one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.
Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU
General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public
License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and
paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice
like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands show w and show c
should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License.
Of course, the commands you use may be called something other
than show w and show c; they could even
be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a
programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a ``copyright
disclaimer'' for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample;
alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon,
President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your
program into proprietary programs. If your program is a
subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit
linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is
what you want to do, use the GNU
Library General Public License instead of this License.
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